DOI: 10.7904/2068–4738–VIII(16)–83

Parivash GHADERINIA^1*, Reza SHAPOURI²

¹Department of Microbiology, College of Science agriculture and modern technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IRAN

²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Medical Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IRAN

*Corresponding author: Parivash_gh1356@yahoo.com

Abstract. Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella bacteria, affecting animals and humans. It is found as an endemic disease in many parts of the world, especially in the Middle East, Central Asian, and South American countries. The objective of this study was to prepare alginate microparticle containing conjugate of Brucella melitensis 16 M oligopolysaccharide (OPS) with tetanus toxoid, and to assess its immunogenicity in mouse, in order to find a new method of confronting brucellosis. In this study, we extracted OPS from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and conjugated it with tetanus toxoid by amidation method. Then, the obtained conjugate was condensed by gel filtration, followed by emulcification method in iso–octane organic phase to prepare alginate microparticles containing the conjugate. In our study, sera titr of antibodies IgM, IgA, IgG_2a, IgG_1, IgG_2b, IgG₃, and total IgG generated against oligopolysaccharide was performed by ELISA test. The final results, considering the obtained immunogenicity and the increased titer of antibodies IgG1 (19 times), IgG₃ (19 times), IgG (15 times), and IgM (9 times) after injection of produced microparticle in mouse indicates appropriateness of the produced microparticle as a candidate vaccine. Thus, it could be concluded that alginate microparticles containing conjugates of B.melitensis 16 M oligopolysaccharide with tetanus toxoid can be proposed as a candidate anti–brucellosis vaccine.

Keyword: Brucella melitensis, Microparticle, Tetanus, Alginate, Vaccine.

DOI: 10.7904/2068–4738–VIII(16)–69

Aurelia COROIAN¹, Vioara MIRESAN¹, Daniel COCAN¹, Camelia RADUCU¹, Adina Lia LONGODOR¹, Alexandra POP¹, Gratian FEHER¹, Luisa ANDRONIE¹, Zamfir MARCHIS^1*

 ¹University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotehnology, Manastur Str. 3-5, 400272, Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA

Corresponding author: zamfir.marchis@usamvcluj.ro

Abstract. Heavy metals are important pollutants in the environment and can cause problems for the organisms, and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the food chain can have adverse effects on human health. Regulations on the legally accepted amounts of heavy metals in food and in the body are very precise. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the level of heavy metals in cow milk from different localities in the Baia Mare area, considered a very polluted area. The physical–chemical parameters and heavy metals in milk were determined. The determination of heavy metals in milk was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or ICP–MS used to identify and quantify the Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn elements. The highest concentrations of Pb were observed in samples collected in Firiza locality with an average value of (43.22±0.62) (μg/L) and the lowest concentrations are for the samples analyzed in Săcălăşeni (11.53±0.33) (mg/L) (μg/L). Cd in milk did not show very large variations between localities, so the lowest concentrations were recorded in Săcălăşeni (4.32±0.13) and the highest ones were observed in the locality Firiza (10.93±0.39) (μg/L). The highest concentrations were observed for the Zn in milk, with an interval between (2255.20±7.14) (μg/L) in Săcălăşeni and (3855.80±5.11) (μg/L) for the analyzed samples from Firiza.

Keyword: milk, fat, proteins, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb.

DOI: 10.7904/2068–4738–VIII(16)–54

Shahrzad NASIRI SEMNANI¹, Nader HAJIZADEH², Hamed ALIZADEH^3*

¹Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IRAN

²Department of Biology, Higher Education Institute of Rabe–Rashid, Tabriz, IRAN

³Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IRAN

Corresponding author: Hamedalizadeh1986@yahoo.com, Tel & Fax: +982433465890

Abstract. Gram–positive and gram–negative bacteria are the most common/prevalent human infectious agents. With increased bacterial resistance to the chemical agents, finding herbal combinations with no side effects seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous, ethanolic and acetonic Quince leaf extracts on the following bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia. Leaves were collected and dried and aqueous, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts were prepared using percolation method. Antibacterial effect of the extracts was determined using agar–well diffusion test and the average diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. Then, using broth macro–dilution test, bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined as well. The results showed that ethanolic Quince leaf extract had the greatest effect on gram–negative and gram–positive bacteria. The aqueous extract showed the weakest effect on tested bacteria. Aqueous, ethanolic and acetonic Quince leaf extracts not only had the inhibitory effect on the bacteria, but also had antibacterial properties. According to the results, Quince leaf extracts can be used against the bacterial infections of the study.

Keyword: Antibacterial effect, Quince leaf extract, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria

DOI: 10.7904/2068–4738–VIII(16)–39

Mirjana MENKOVSKA¹*, Dragan DAMJANOVSKI², Vesna LEVKOV¹, Natasha GJORGOVSKA¹, Desimir KNEZEVIC³, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA¹, Vinko STANOEV⁴

 ¹Ss.Cyril and Methodius University, Institute of Animal Science, Blv. Ilinden 92a, 1000 Skopje, R. MACEDONIA

²University St. Klement of Ohrid, Faculty of Technology and Technical Sciences, str. Dimitar Vlahov bb, 1400 Veles, R. MACEDONIA

³University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture, Kosovska Mitrovica,  Kopaonicka bb 38219 Lesak, Kosovo and Metohia, Lesak, SERBIA

⁴ Ss.Cyril and Methodius University, Institute of Agriculture, str. Aleksandar Makedonski b.b., 1000 Skopje, R. MACEDONIA

Corresponding author: Menkovska06@yahoo.com, phone ++389 2 3065120

Abstract. In this paper, the results obtained from the investigations performed on determination of the content of soluble dietary fibre component β–glucan in different cereals grown by conventional and organic farming method are presented. Because dietary fibre and its components have great importance for human and animal nutrition as well as health benefits, it was a need to investigate the content of β–glucan from cereal domestic origin. Standardized enzymatic–gravimetric method–a mixed–linkage β–glucan assay Megazyme Kit (Megazyme, Ireland) was used for determination of β–glucan content in 27 different cereal samples: barley, oat, rye and wheat, grown at three locations during 2013. The mean values of β–glucan content in cereals conventionally grown ranged from 34.41 ± 1.47 g.kg^–1 db with barley, through 23.5 ± 4.52 g.kg^–1 db and 15.61 ± 0.36 g.kg^–1 db with oat and rye, respectively to 5.60 ± 1.02 g.kg^–1 db with wheat. The mean values of β–glucan content in analyzed cereals which were organically grown ranged from 33.28 ± 2.34 g.kg^–1 db with barley, 21.3 ± 1.87 g.kg^–1 db with oat, 15.81 ± 2.30 g.kg^–1 db with rye and to 6.04 ± 0.58 g.kg^–1 db with wheat. Compared to the other cereals investigated, barley grown by either conventional or organic farming method proved to have the highest content of β–glucan demonstrating its good perspective in cereal processing and technology, food market and human and animal nutrition. The positive/negative correlations allow indirect evaluation of cereals in breeding work aimed at creation of forms with increased/decreased content of β–glucans in grain.

Keyword: barley, dietary fibre, farming type, oat, rye.

DOI: 10.7904/2068–4738–VIII(16)–18

Steliana RODINO¹, Marian BUTU¹*, Carmen GAIDAU², Manuela CALIN³, Alina BUTU¹

 ¹National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania,

²Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Bucharest, Romania,

³Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, Bucharest, Romania,

*Corresponding author, e–mail: marian butu@yahoo.com

Abstract. The development of in silico methods with application in scientific research is in full progress. They have the advantage of being modest consumers of material resources and time and, also, of being easy to be used by researchers from various field of specialization. The research work described in this paper has pursued building an ontological model for the evaluation of the impact of nanoparticle on the human cell. This model can be used to determine the inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials on human cells by complements and refining of the data achieved by well–known laboratory techniques.

 Keyword: ontology, modelling, citotoxicity, nanoparticles.